Plenary sessions
The technical challenges of developing a new renewable energy
| by Fernando Tadeo ,
(Click To read the biography) Institute of Sustainable Processes, University of Valladolid, Valladolid (Spain), |
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New renewable energy sources are needed that do not present the problems of current renewables (uncontrollability, land use, etc.). One of these possible sources is osmotic energy, which extracts energy from the mixture of two streams with different salt concentrations (such as river water and sea water). Some barriers to scaling up osmotic energy will be discussed, to serve as a source of ideas for research: research and development efforts are crucial to optimize its efficiency, and overcome technical challenges, positioning osmotic energy as a competitive contributor to the global energy mix.
Virtual Aggregation of Distributed Energy Resources by Cascaded Model Reference Adaptive Control
| by Prof. Dr.-Ing. Horst Schulte ,
(Click To read the biography) University of Applied Sciences Berlin (HTW), Germany, |
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Decentralized, inverter-based resources (IBR) like wind, solar photovoltaic, and battery energy storage systems must soon provide ancillary services for stable grid operation. However, the distributed systems must be appropriately aggregated and coordinated in the grid to be effective. It must be taken into account that with dynamic demands on the service, such as the instantaneous reserve, the coordination by real-time communication must be kept as minimal as possible. In addition to the communication restrictions, the different dynamics of the IBR must be considered. Ideally, the resources complement each other, whereby the necessary BESS capacity should also be kept as small as possible. A cascaded model reference adaptive control concept is proposed to meet both requirements. Cascading refers to the virtually aggregated participants' superordinate level and the lower physical power plant level. The grid operator specifies a reference model that aggregates the requirements of all power plants. For the lower cascade, the overall reference model is divided into partial reference models using weight functions as participation factors. The partial reference models serve as design models for the lower-level model reference control approach, where adaptation results from the necessary dynamic adjustment of participation based on the available resources. The reference models and associated controllers are calculated offline to keep the online design effort and communication as low as possible. The previously computed controllers must be adapted via a controlled adaptation at runtime. These controllers are designed in the Takagi-Sugeno/LPV framework using LMI constraints and are calculated by interior-point methods.
